information technology study material: Programmings For Beginners

*Programming For Beginners ::

* Programming is all about your interest and the way you take it in your life.
* From the very basic to the recent HTML/CSS , Javascript , Ajax ,Python ,Java , C# ,Ruby, .Net
logic is same but the integration is advanced.

* Logic part can be understood by using your mind rather than copying and pasting.
* Why don't we give a damn chance to our mind to think in a different manner.

************* C PROGRAMMING **********

* lets take a simple example:-

#include <stdio.h> //header file standard input output library.header file
#include <conio.h> // console input output .header file
void main()
{
clrscr(); //clear screen
printf("my name is anshuman kumar");//function used to print something on the console
getch(); //function used for w8ng for the next key stroke generated from user
  }

>>>>>output::my name is anshuman kumar

* Till now we have five things in the picture

1. pre processor directive(#)
2. LIbrary
3. Header files
4. Functions
5. Main

* PreProcessor directives(#):-It tells the compiler to include the header file

and the function associated.

* Library:- ( function definition is here.) Always known as the reference.all
the standard function is

defined over here.

* Header file:- function declaration is there in header file.contains the name of the

function only.

* Functions :- thing responsible to do anything logically.

* Main :- body part is enclosed within main a program can contain several main function.

********************************************************************************
Header files and Functions
********************************************************************************

Header files and functions:

<stdio.h>:-provide the input output functionality to the end user.

<conio.h>:-console related function(screens i.e output screen related functions).

<string.h>:-For manipulation with the strings.

<assert.h>:- Used to handle the common logical errors in the programme.

<math.h>:- For computing common mathematical logic.

<ctype.h>:-To undersatand character by their type and the conversion from lower case to upper case.

<signal.h>:-To control the exceptional condition.

<stdlib.h>:-Memory allocation, Proceess control,

<time.h>:-For converting various date and time formats.

<stdio.h>:- functions

Scanf()	used for input the data from the end user side.
Printf()	printing on the console screen.
Gets()	Read characters from stdin while a new line is inserted
Putc()	writes and returns a character to a stream
Putchar()	Works same as putc()
Puts()	Output a string on the standard output.
Fopen()	Open the file for reading and writting
Fwrite()	Writing in the file
Fputs()	Placing string in the file
Remove ()	Deleting a file
Rename()	Renaming a file

<Conio.h>:-

Clrscr():	Used for clearing the screen
Getche():	W8 for the next key stroke generated from user
Getch():
Getc():

<math.h>

Cos()	cosine of the value ….[cos(10)]
Log()	logarithm value ……….[log(10)]
Pow()	power function …… ..[pow(2,4)=16]
Sqrt()	square root…………….[sqrt(4)=2]
Tan()	gives tangent …………..[tan(value)=output]
Ceil()	small integer…… ……..[ ceil ( 5.6 )= 5]
Floor()	largest integer……….[floor (5.6)=6]

<Ctype.h>

Islower()	Checks for lower case
Isupper()	Checks for the upper case
Isspace()	Checks for the whitespace
Isxdigit()	Checks for the hexadecimal digit
Isdigit()	Checks for the digit
Isgraph()	Checksfor the graphics
Isprint()	Checks for the print charecter

<Time.h>

Difftime()	Returns difference between two time perio
Clock()	Clock program
Mktime()	Convert tm to current time
Time()	Get current time

< string.h>

Strlen()	Returns the length of selected string
Strupr()	Returns the uppercase string
Strlwr()	Returns the lowercase strings
Strcmp()	Comparing the two string
Strcat()	Concatenating the string
Strrev()	Reversing the string
Strcpy()	Copyng the string

*********************************************************

· Wap (write a prgram to calculate the roots of quadratic equation)

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. #include<math.h>

4. Void main()

5. {

6. Clrscr();

8. float b,a,c,Root1,Root2;

9. Printf(“quadratic equation program”);

10. Printf(“enter the element ’a’,’b’,’c’”);

11.

12. Scanf(“%f,%f,%f”,&a,&b,&c);

13. If( b*b>=4*a*c )

14. {

15. Root1=(-b-sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/2*a;

16. Root2=(-b+sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/2*a;

17. Printf(“Roots of the quadratic equation=%f,%f ”,Root1,Root2);

18. }

19. Else

20. {

21. Printf(“imaginary roots”)

22. }

23. getche();

24. }

Line 8.. contains the datatype and the variable for the the programme…

Logic 1:formulae=-b-squareroot of(b*b-4*a*c)whole divided by 2a

Logic 2:formulae=-b+squareroot of(b*b-4*a*c)whole divided by 2a

****Datatypes****

Bool,Byte ,char,long,short,int,float,double etc

((prefer the book regarding datatype,literals,keywords,

variables,how to declare the variable topics))

Wap for the calculation implementation::

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. #include<math.h>

4. Void main()

5. {

6. Clrscr();

7. Int no1,no2,add,substract,multiply,divide,ramainder;

8. Printf(“\n enter the two nos”);

9. Scanf(“%d,%d”,&no1,no2);

10. add=no1+no2;

11. substract=no1-no2;

12. multiply=no1*no2;

13. divide=no1/no2;

14. remainder=no1%no2;

15. printf(“\nsumof %d and %d=”,no1,no2,add );

16. printf(“\nsubstraction of %d and %d=”,no1,no2,substract );

17. printf(“\ndivision of %d and %d=”,no1,no2,divide );

18. printf(“\nmultiplication of %d and %d=”,no1,no2,multiply);

19. printf(“\nremainder of %d and %d=”,no1,no2,remainder );

20. getche();

21. }

Wap to demonstrate the simple interest:-

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. {

5. Clrscr();

6. float p,r,t,si,amount;

7. printf(“\nenter the principle rate and time respectively”);

8. scanf(“%f%f%f”,&p,&r,&t);

9. si=(p*r*t)/100.0;

10. amount=p+si;

11. printf(“ \nsimple interest=”,si);

12. printf(“\n Amount=”,amount);

13. getche();

14. }

Wap to demonstrate the power function and square root function:

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. #include<math.h>

4. Void main()

5. {

6. Clrscr();

7. Int a=2,b=5;

8. Float c;

9. c=pow(a,b);

10. Printf(“2 to the power 5=”,c);

11. c=pow(a,pow(a,b));

12. printf(“2 to the powerof 2 to the power5=”,c);

13. c=Sqrt(a*b);

14. printf(“squareroot of2*5=”,c);

15.

16. getche();

17. }

Wap in c to find the average of salary of the n no of ppl n is provided by the user

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. {

5. clrscr();

6. int n,i=1;

7. float no,sum=0,avg;

8. printf(“\n enter the total no of element”);

9. scanf(“%d”,n);

10. while(i<=n)

11. {

12. printf(“enter the number”);

13. scanf(“%f”,no);

14. sum=sum+no;

15. i++

16. }

17. avg=sum/n;

18. printf(“average of%d no is %f”,n,avg);

19. getche();

20. }

· Line 7 :sum =0 its due to the garbage value it can take from the other program for the accurecy. we intially make these kind of element 0 or 1 depending on its nature.

· Line 11 :while loop checking the condition sequentially .

· Line14:summing up the all noone by one as entered from user.

· Line 15:as ones processing is done i is an increment operator it is incremented by 1 i.e i++ or i=i+1.

· Suppose we have to find the average of 3 ppl salary

· i=1, sum=o, n=3

· i<=n (1<=3)true

· no=1000, sum=0+1000,i=2

· sum=1000,i=2

· i<=n(2<=3)true

· no=3000,sum=1000+3000,i=3

· sum=4000,i=3

· i<=n(3<=3)true

· no=5000,sum=4000+5000,i=4

· now i=4 sum=9000

· i<=n(4<=3)false come out of the loop

· avg=sum/n;

· avg=9000/3=3000

wap for the factorial : (while and for loop seperately)

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. void main()

4. {

5. clrscr();

6. int i,no,fact=1;

7. printf(“\nenter the no:”);

8. scanf(“%d”,&no);

9. i=no;

10. while(i!=0)

11. {

12. fact=fact*i;

13. i--;

14. }

15. Printf(“\nfactorial of%d=%d”,no,fact)

16. getche

17. }

Line 8:user input the no assigned to the some variable i.

Line 10:while loop is used along wid the logic: (i!=0) i.e i is not equal to zero condition is true in that case otherwise when it turns to zero processing will come out of the loop.

Line 12,13:fact=fact*i

it will continously wrap the data in the one cycle and waits for the another cycle.

Now take an example and try to understand the concept:

1. Enter the no:3

2. i=3

3. i!=0,3!=0,condition true enter in the loop

4. fact=fact*I; fact=1*3;fact=3

5. i- - i.e i=i-1;i=3-1=2;

6. now i=2,fact=3

7. check condition i!=0 true;

8. go in the loop fact=fact*I; i.e,fact=3*2=6

9. fact=6;i=1

10. check i!=0 true

11. go in the loop fact=fact*i;fact=6*1;fact=6

12. fact=6 ,i=0;

13. check i!=0 false

14. come out of loop,here fact=6.

15. Factorial of 3=6;

Same by for loop

1. #include <stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. {

5. Clrscr();

6. int no,i,fact=1;

7. printf(“\n enter the no”);

8. scanf(“%d”,&no);

10. for(i=no; i >=1 ;i-- )

11. {

12. fact=fact*I;

13. }

14. printf(“\nfactorial of%d=%d”,no,fact);

15. getche();

16. }

For loop( initialisation of variables ; condition ; increment/decrement of variable )

Wap for no enterd odd or even:

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. {

5. Clrscr();

6. int no;

7. printf(“\n enter the no”)

8. scanf(“%d”,&no);

9. if(no%2==0)

10. {

11. Printf(“\nno is even”);

12. }

13. Else

14. Printf(“\nno is odd”)

15. Getche();

16. }

Wap for adding the digit of the given number:

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. void main()

4. {

5. Clrscr();

6. int no,I,sum=0,m;

7. printf(“\nenter the no”);

8. scanf(“%d”,&no);

9. i=no;

10.

11. While(i!=0)

12. {

13. m =i%10;

14. sum=sum+m;

15. i=i/10;

16. }

17.

18. Printf(“\nsum of the digits of the no %d=%d”,no,sum);

19. Getche();

20. }

Take an example no=234;

1. No=234,sum=0

2. i=234,sum=0

3. condition true

4. m=i%10;m=234%10=4;

5. m=4,sum=0+4;

6. i=i/10=234/10;i=23

7. i=23,sum=4

8. check condition true

9. m=i%10=23%10=3

10. sum=4+3;

11. i=2,sum=7

12. check condition true

13. m=2%10=2

14. sum=7+2,i=0

15. check condition false

16. sum=9

wap swapping(with variable without variable)

with variable

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. {

5. Clrscr();

6. int a=5,b=10,c;

7. printf(“a=%d,b=%d”,a,b);

8. c=b;

9. b=a;

10. a=c;

11. printf(“after swapping a=%d,b=%d”,a,b);

12. getche();

13. }

Without variable

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. { clrscr()

5. Int a=10,b=5;

6. a=a+b;

7. b=a-b;

8. a=a-b;

9. printf(“\nafter swapping a=%d,b=%d”,a,b);

10. getche()

11. }

Wap for reversing the number

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. {

5. Clrscr();

6. Printf(“\nprogram for revershing the number”);

8. int no,i,m,revno=1;

10. Printf(“\nenter the number”);

11. Scanf(“%d”,no);

12. i=no;

13. While(i!=0)

14. {

15. m=i%10;

16. revno=revno*10+m

17. i=i/10;

18. }

19. Printf(“\n revno:%d”,revno);

20. getche();

21. }

Wap for the design like this

Ans

Anshu

Anshuman

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. void main()

4. {

5. char string[100];

6. int i,k,length;

7. printf(“\n enter the string”);

8. gets(string);

9. length=strlen(string);

10. for(i=0;i<length;i++)

11. {

12. for(k=0;k<=I;k++)

13. {

14. Printf(“%c”,string[k]);

15. }

16. Printf(“\n”);

17. }

18. getch();

19. }

Wap for the palindrome no

1. #include<stdio.h>

2. #include<conio.h>

3. Void main()

4. {

5. clrscr();

6. int no,reverse_no=1,m,I;

7. printf(“\n enter the no”);

8. scanf(“%d”,&no);

9. i=no;

10.

11. while(i!=0)

12. {

13. m=i%10;

14. reverse_no=reverse_no * 10+m;

15. i=i/10;

16. }

17.

18.

19.

20. If(reverse_no==no)

21. {

22. Printf(“\n the no entered is a palindrome”);

23. }

24. Else

25. {

26. Printf(“\n the no entered is not a palindrome no”);

27. }

28.

29. }

Logic is same as reversing the number and if the reversed no is equal to the actual no then it’s a palindrome else not.

information technology study material

GET THE BEST

Programmings For Beginners

No comments:

Post a Comment